Which soil type has the highest bearing capacity?

Gravel is recognized for having the highest bearing capacity among soil types. This is largely due to its larger particle size and angular shape, which allow for effective interlocking, creating a stable structure that can support substantial loads. The drainage properties of gravel also contribute to its performance; it does not retain water, which reduces the risk of weakening under saturated conditions. As a result, gravel is ideal for foundational purposes in construction and civil engineering projects.

In comparison, clay has a much lower bearing capacity because it can become soft and lose strength when wet, making it unsuitable for heavy loads in certain conditions. Sand, while having better drainage than clay, can be less stable under certain moist conditions, leading to shifting and settlement issues. Silt falls somewhere between clay and sand but has poor drainage characteristics, which can lead to consolidation problems over time under load. Therefore, gravel stands out as the most reliable choice for high bearing capacity.